توضیحات
Kafka The Metamorphosis and other Stories includes the Great Wall of China, Investigation of a Dog, the Burrow, in the Penal Settlement, and the Giant Mole. Among Kafka The Metamorphosis and other Stories, The Metamorphosis (German: Die Verwandlung), is a novella also translated as The Transformation, which was published in 1915. One of Kafka’s best-known works, The Metamorphosis tells the story of salesman Gregor Samsa, who wakes one morning to find himself inexplicably transformed into a huge insect (German: ungeheueres Ungeziefer, lit. “monstrous vermin“) and struggles to adjust to this condition. The novella has been widely discussed among literary critics, who have offered varied interpretations. In popular culture and adaptations of the novella, the insect is commonly depicted as a cockroach.
With a length of about 70 printed pages over three chapters, it is the longest of the stories Kafka considered complete and published during his lifetime. The text was first published in 1915 in the October issue of the journal Die weißen Blätter under the editorship of René Schickele. The first edition in book form appeared in December 1915 in the series Der jüngste Tag, edited by Kurt Wolff.
Plot
Gregor Samsa wakes up one morning to find himself transformed into a “monstrous vermin“. He initially considers the transformation to be temporary and slowly ponders the consequences of his metamorphosis. Stuck on his back and unable to get up and leave the bed, Gregor reflects on his job as a traveling salesman and cloth merchant, which he characterizes as being full of “temporary and constantly changing human relationships, which never come from the heart”. He sees his employer as a despot and would quickly quit his job if he were not his family’s sole breadwinner and working off his bankrupt father’s debts. While trying to move, Gregor finds that his office manager, the chief clerk, has shown up to check on him, indignant about Gregor’s unexcused absence. Gregor attempts to communicate with both the manager and his family, but all they can hear from behind the door is incomprehensible vocalizations. Gregor laboriously drags himself across the floor and opens the door. The clerk, upon seeing the transformed Gregor, flees the apartment. Gregor’s family is horrified, and his father drives him back towards his room. Gregor is injured when he tries to force himself through the doorway (which is too narrow for him), but gets
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