توضیحات
Ibsen Ghosts and Other Plays contains Ghost, A Public Enemy, and When we Dead Wake. Of Ghosts and Other Plays in this volume, Ghosts and A Public Enemy are social dramas of his middle period; and the former, described by one London critic as “an open sewer,” raised the greatest outcry of all Ibsen’s attacks on convention. When We Dead Wake, his last play, handles in a symbolic manner the individual’s inner conflict and, incidentally, provides the dramatist’s own comment on his lifework and his renunciation of work.
(Danish: Gengangere) Ghosts is a play by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. It was written in Danish and published in 1881, and first staged in 1882 in Chicago, Illinois, US, performed in Danish. Like many of Ibsen’s plays, Ghosts is a scathing commentary on 19th-century morality. Because of its subject matter, which includes religion, venereal disease, incest, and euthanasia, it immediately generated strong controversy and negative criticism. Since then, the play has come to be considered a “great play” that historically holds a position of “immense importance”. Theater critic Maurice Valency wrote in 1963, “From the standpoint of modern tragedy Ghosts strikes off in a new direction…. Regular tragedy dealt mainly with the unhappy consequences of breaking the moral code. Ghosts, on the contrary, deals with the consequences of not breaking it.” Ibsen disliked the English translator William Archer‘s use of the word “Ghosts” as the play’s title, as the Danish or Norwegian Gengangere would be more accurately translated as “The Revenants”, which literally means “The Ones Who Return”.
A Public Enemy or An Enemy of the People (original Norwegian title: En folkefiende), an 1882 play by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, followed his previous play, Ghosts, which criticized the hypocrisy of his society’s moral code. The response included accusations of both Ghosts and its author being “scandalous,” “degenerate,” and “immoral.” In An Enemy of the People, a man dares to expose an unpalatable truth publicly and is punished for it. However, Ibsen took a somewhat skeptical view of his protagonist, suggesting that he may have gone too far in his zeal to tell the truth. Ibsen wrote to his publisher: “I am still uncertain as to whether I should call [An Enemy of the People] a comedy or a straight drama. It may [have] many traits of comedy, but it also is based on a serious idea.”
When We Dead Awaken (Norwegian: Når vi døde vågner) is the last play written by Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen. Published in December 1899, Ibsen wrote the play between February and November of that year. The first performance was at the Haymarket Theatre in London, a day or two before publication and the currently only Broadway production was originally at the Knickerbocker Theatre from March 7-10, 1905, then moving to the Princess Theatre until it closed in April 1905.
نقد و بررسیها
هنوز بررسیای ثبت نشده است.